02. Free and Open Software for Personal Computing

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02. Free and Open Software for Personal Computing 

IT1306 Level I - Semester 1


Managing Files and Folders in FOSS OS 

References 

For more information refer following links







FOSS OS Installation


FOSS OS Installation using Oracle VM Virtual Box 

Virtual Box (using Oracle VM Virtual Box) 

Oracle VM VirtualBox is a cross-platform virtualization application. It can be installed in the existing computer so that another OS will run inside the virtual box. 





What is a ‘Oracle VM VirtualBox’? 

• A free and open-source hosted hypervisor for virtualization. 
• Developed by Oracle Corporation. 
• Oracle VM VirtualBox 
• can be installed on Windows, macOS, Linux, Solaris and Open Solaris. 
• can load multiple guest OSes under a single host operating-system (host OS). Each guest can be started, paused and stopped independently within its own virtual machine (VM)


Installing Oracle VM Virtual Box 
• Download Oracle VM Virtual Box from http://www.virtualbox.org 
• Double click on the downloaded package file (.exe) 
• Setup wizard dialog box will guide you through the required steps.





Setting up Oracle VM Virtual Box to run Ubuntu 
• Open the Virtual Box. 
• Click New on the top left corner of the window




• Enter a name for your virtual machine. 
• Type whatever you want to name your virtual machine (e.g., Ubuntu) into the "Name" text field. 
• Select Linux as the "Type" value. Click the "Type" dropdown box, then click Linux in the resulting drop-down menu 
• Select Ubuntu as the "Version" value.




Memory Size 
• Click and drag the slider left or right to decrease or increase the amount of RAM that VirtualBox will have available for the Ubuntu virtual machine. 
• The ideal amount of RAM will automatically be selected when you get to this page. 
• Make sure not to increase the RAM into the red section of the slider; try to keep the slider in the green. 


• Create your virtual machine's virtual hard drive
Select “Create a Virtual Hard Disk Now” to set up the hard disk for the virtual machine and Click “Create”




Select the folder location and the size of the virtual hard disk and click Create





FOSS OS Installation as a Primary OS
• Download Ubuntu from http://www.ubuntu.com/download
• There are two options for installing Ubuntu


FOSS OS Installation as a Primary OS
Download and Install Ubuntu
• Select 32 bit / 64 bit and download file
• Create the bootable DVD or USB if required
• For creating the bootable DVD burn the .iso file downloaded into a DVD
• For creating the bootable USB, follow the instructions Easy ways to switch to Ubuntu 
in download website and follow the instructions
• Insert a bootable DVD or USB with Ubuntu and 
restart the computer
• When the computer finds the bootable method, 
Welcome screen will be available
• Select the language you prefer
• Click Install Ubuntu


FOSS OS Installation as a Primary OS
Download and Install Ubuntu cont…

Step 01 – Preparing to install screen lets you 
know if you have enough disk space. If 
enough, click Continue
Step 02 – Select the wireless network you want 
to connect from the available networks and give 
the WEP/WPA key as the password. Finally click 
Connect 


FOSS OS Installation as a Primary OS
Download and Install Ubuntu Cont..

Step 03 – Select whether you want to Erase Disk and 
Install Ubuntu or Upgrade Ubuntu. Erasing disk will 
erase all other Operating systems installed on that 
disk. Click Install Now.
Step 04 – Select using the mouse or type 
the location where you are to customize 
time and date settings Click Continue

FOSS OS Installation as a Primary OS
Download and Install Ubuntu Cont..

Step 05 – Select the keyboard layout and 
click Continue
Step 06 – Type your name, your computer 
name, password etc. to customize your 
computer and click Continue


FOSS OS Installation as a Primary OS
Download and Install Ubuntu Cont..
Step 07 – After the installation is complete, 
Restart your computer 
Step 08 – This shows the welcome screen 


FOSS OS Installation as a Primary OS
Try Ubuntu
• Insert a bootable DVD or USB with Ubuntu and restart the computer
• When the computer finds the bootable method, Welcome screen will be 
available
• Select the language you prefer
• Click Try Ubuntu
• After you have finished, restart the 
Computer by clicking power button 
On the top right corner of the desktop


FOSS OS Installation – Dual Booting
Installing Ubuntu with another OS – Dual Booting

During the normal installation process, 
select Something else and provide the 
partitions manually, in the Installation 
type dialog box to continue dual booting



Ubuntu File Manager
Browsing files on the machine
• Use the Dash to search files
• Directly access the file from its location from the Home Directory 
[Directory is a similar word for a Folder]


Ubuntu File Manager
• Opening Files
• Double click on the file
• Creating new directories
• Right click in the blank area and select “New Folder”
• Rename the folder as of your wish
• Copying and moving files
• Ctrl + X, Ctrl + C, Ctrl + V for Cut, Copy, Paste shortcuts respectively
• Right click and select the option



Ubuntu Command Line
Opening a Terminal
• Type Terminal, Command, Prompt or Shell to browse for Terminal
• Key board Shortcut to get the Terminal: Ctrl + Alt + T



Ubuntu Command Line
• Press Enter after finish typing a command
IMPORTANT COMMANDS
• pwd Display the current working directory (print working directory)
Change Directory- cd
• cd / Goes to the Root Directory [An alternative is cd / home]
• cd .. Takes you up one directory level
• Relative Path – the place you end up at depends on your current working directory. The 
path given relative to the next and previous directories.
• Absolute Path – any path that starts with a forward slash. The path given exactly by typing 
the exact location using slashes.
• "/" at the start of your path - "starting from the root directory...". 
• the tilde character ("~") at the start of your path - "starting from my home directory...".
NOTE: COMMANDS ARE CASE SENSITIVE


Ubuntu Command Line
IMPORTANT COMMANDS (Creating Files and Folders)
Make Directory - mkdir
• mkdir create a new directory
e.g.: mkdir dir1 – creates a directory named dir1
mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3 - creates 3 directories named dir1, dir2 and dir3
mkdir -p dir4/dir5/dir6 - Makes a directory named dir4 and inside that a dir5 and 
inside dir5 a dir6
HOW to CREATE a DIRECTORY with a SPACE in the NAME



Ubuntu Command Line
IMPORTANT COMMANDS
List - ls
• Lists all files and folders in your current working directory. 
• You can also specify paths to other directories if you want to view their contents.
Moving and Manipulating Files and Folders - mv
• mv Moves Files and Folders
• mv abc.txt dir1 Moves the file “abc.txt” to the directory dir1
Deleting Files and Folders
• rm Remove files inside a directory [rm dir4 deletes all files inside the dir4]
• rmdir delete a whole folder [rmdir dir4 deletes the dir4 directory with all its contents]